Block for building construction.



F. V. SCHILLER. BLOCK FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION TILED APBA, 1911 1,057,095 Patented Mar. 25, 1913.

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F. V. SCHILLER.

BLOCK FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILE D A P R 4 1 9 1 1.

1,057,095. Patented Mar. 25, 1913.

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INVENTOR. S 771 sCfl/Lvfizzt M #fm a "Q am I F. V. SCHILLER.

BLOCK FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED APRA, 1911.

Patented Mar. 25, 1913.

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Q/Zu/ *7 FREDERICK V. SCHILLER, 0F OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA.

BLOCK FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, FREDERICK V. SCHIL- Lee, a citizen of the Unit'ed States, and a resident of Oakland, in the county of Alameda and State of'California, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Blocks for Building Construction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements made in concrete building construction, and. to building blocks of concrete and similar plastic compositions provided with interlocking lugs or projections for joining the blocks together in a wall or other structure.

The invention has as its object to provide an improved building-block for the production of a strong and rigid wall or structure capable of withstanding shocks of earthquakes, and possessing moisture-proof, sound-proof and other desirable qualities to a high degree.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved hollow-wall construction in which the blocks in the courses composing one side or face of the wall break joints both vertically and horizontally with the blocks composing the opposite side or face, and in such manner that every joint between one course and the next, and also between the blocks composing one face or side of the wall is opposite the solid body of a block in the opposite face or side throughout the length and height and thickness of the structure.

To these ends and objects chiefly my present invention consists in a building block having a finished face on one side to form pzrt of the exposed surface of a wall, and on the opposite side lugs or projections and cavities or recesses of peculiar and novel character for engaging and interlocking with correspondingly formed lugs and cavities on other blocks, when a number of blocks are jointed together; the said lugs and cavities being so formed and arranged that one block will engage and fit the corresponding cavities and lugs on the other block, and the two blocks will reciprocally interlock and be held one by the other against any forces or strains that may tend to shift or move them out of place either transversely .or laterally of the wall.

The invention consists further in a hollow wall construction comprising interlocking blocks of two styles or constructions, of which those on one side or face of the wall Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 4, 1911.

Patented Mar. 25, 191 3.

Serial No. 618,849.

have on one side a finished face to form part of the exposed surface of the wall, and on the other side two interlocking lugs or projections of peculiar and novel form or construction spaced apart at equal distances from the ends of the blocks, and the other blocks have each three similar interlocking lugs or projections; the interlocking devices on the respective sets or styles of lJlOCkS be.- ing formed and adapted to engage and interlock in such manner that the joints between the blocks composing one side or face of the wall will be opposed to the solid body portions of the blocks composing the opposite side or face, and all the blocks in both sides or faces will break joints horizontally as well as vertically throughout the entire length and height of the structure.

The nature of the said improvements and the 'manner in which I proceed to produce, apply and carry out the same are explained at length in the following description, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a plan or topview of a section of a hollow wall constructed-of two type or styles of building blocks of my invention. Fig. 2 is a frontelevation of the section represented in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an end-view 0 Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a plan or top-view of a section of hollow wall illustrating a slight modification'in which the interlocking blocks are formed in pairs. Fig. 5 is a front-elevation of the section represented in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is an end- Y view of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a plan or topwieyv of the three-lug block of my invention. Fig. 8 is an elevation of the same block from the back. Fig. 9 is an end-view of Fig. 8. Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are views" in perspective of spacing-blocks which are placed between the inner and outer blocks to increase the width or thickness of the wall beyond that whichis produced by the lugs alone:

A novel feature in the building block (if my invention consists in providing on the back ofthe block a plurality of interlocking lugs or projections each of aless length than the height'of the bloclnandjh'aving an end or head of a dove-tail shape indo'ngitudinal section joined totheblojek by a relatively short neck; the neck and the adjoining portion of the dove-'tailhea'cl being closed in on the sides by flanges or 'cheek-pieces t-hafi b're formed integral with the lugs and the block and in connection with the lug form a ice [the same character. In the preferred form and arrangement of these interlocking means the head a of the lug is joined to the back of the block by a relatively short neck I) of approximately one half the dimensions in height ofthe head a, but of the same thickness as the head. The flanges c c on opposite sides of thelug extend above and below the neck and inclose the same on the sides in such manner as to form a pocketor recess d between the head a and the back of the block. In the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Fi s. 1, 2' and 3 these lugs are situated on the ongitudinal middle line of the block, and the flanges c extending both above and below the neck I) inclose a pocket or cavity J on the top side and also one (1 under the lug. The top and bottom edges of the lug are formed with a fiat level face 2, and an inclined face 3 sloping toward the neck I), and the latter is also fiat and level on the top and bottom edges. In this construction the pocket or cavity which is inclosed by the standing sides or flanges 0 0 thus corresponds in shape with that portion of the lug which I have termed the head a, in having the fiat level face 2 and the sloping face 3 at the bottom. and in being of the same dimensions in width and depth as the head of the In and consequently when two blocks are lai together back to back with their IGSIJEQtlW-B lugs placed in position one upon or beneath the other, the lugs on one block will fit into the pockets of the other blocks. By virtue of this peculiar form and arrangement of the lugs and the pockets or cavities each lug fitting into and confined in the pocket or cavity on the opposed block is held not only against any forces or strains that may tend to move or spread the blocks apart in directions transversely of the wall,-

but particularly against any force that may tend to shift the blocks one u n another laterally or longitudinally of t e wall.

As embodied in the construction illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, the heads of the interlocking lugs on a building-block of my invention, will engage and be confined in the cavities of the opposite blocks when two blocks are placed back to back, and-their own cavities will in turn receive and confinethe heads of the lugs on the opposite blocks. Or, as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the block A on the front face of the wall will be joined to the blocks BB on the rear or inner face by the reciprocal interlocking of the lugs 11 on one block with the, pockets d d on the other, and of the lugs on the other with the pockets rl-I.l of the former block. The lugs and pockets on the blocks of the type of one construction having two lugs, are the same in general form and arrangement as those on the block of the type'having three]; lugs, excepting that in the three-lug block the lugs a at the ends of the block are in dimensions one-half the width or thickness of the middle lug a, and the outer side of each end-lug is finished flush with the end of the block. As the half-lugs a on the adj oining ends of two three-lug blocks when placed together in a course are equal in thickness :to a whole lug it will be seen that they will fill the pockets on the two-lug blocks that lug blocks BB sit in the pocket on the .upper side of the lug on the two-lug block A, and the head fZcf the last named lug sits in and fills the pocket (2 that is formed by the union of the two half-lugs on the blocks B -B The effect of placing the lugs on both styles of blockson the longitudinal middle line of the block and making each lug in its length equal -to one half the height of the block, is to bring the horizontal joints 5 between the courses on one side of the wall opposite the middle of a block in the opposite side, and thus make all the blocks composing one face break joints with the blocks in the opposite face. -A corresponding 0 breaking in the vertical joints between the ends of the blocks in the same face and also in those in the opposite face of the wall is secured also by the peculiar and novel arrangement of the' lugs on the two styles of blocks in separate combinations of two lugs on the block of one type as A and of three lugs on the blocks of the other construc tion, as B used for the opposite side of the wall as before described. These blocks of two constructions as thus combined have the effect to produce a strong and rigid wall capable of withstanding shocks of earthquakes, and especially those of a rotary or twisting character or quality of motion which act to shift or move the courses or layers of blocks or bricks upon one another.

A further novel feature in the interlocking block of my invention consists in forming-the head a of the lug with inclined sides f as shown in Figs. .7 and 8, and in forming the sides of each pocket or cavity in a similar manner with inclined faces'g having the same slant or inclination as the beveled or slanting faces on that part of the lug which sits in the pocket. Bysubstituting these beveled or inclined faces for perpendicular faces on those intcrlcck-' ing parts, the lugs are more readily entered and brought to a close seat in the pockets, 13o

resting on the lugs of the other-block th -is placed in position.

in the workof setting the blocks one llgPQllj another. Thefinished blocks are easily removed from the mold when; the

lugs and pockets are formed in the manner shown. The edges of the projeetingnpa rts on the back of the block which form th s inner and outer courses of blocks-in layir'igl? up a wall can be lllSllIQCl without -tl1e-use of cement or mortar. When reinforcirg-rods or bars are to introduced in the wall, provisionis mm for inserting them in the'blocks at tille of layingthe blocks in position and t end theapertures [L are formed verticafilly throughthe block at the point where lug springs from-the back of the hl'ocfkyan on each lug is embedded at the time-ofimod ing a wire 12 projecting in a loopl i the end of the lugand midwa bet-weenfthe I top and bottom. edges, or in such position that when two blocks areset in [)QStfii'qlt I backmto back with the lug-son one block;

loops 13 on .theheads of each lug willflli'e directly in line with an aperture-h in the opposite block, and will take the reinforcing 'rods which is then inserted through; t=he block at the aperture provided to receive it. The grooves h seen at Figs. 2,5 and S in the end faces of the lugs are for the purpose of lettingin the reinforcing rods which. otherwise would 'be interposed between the end of the lug and the back wall or face of the pocket on the oppositeblock, and would prevent a close fit between the faces.

of the lug and the pocket. These reinforo' ing rods are inserted in every block after it Usually they one of;

. sufficient length to .be inserted through, a

block and into-the block lying beneath it 01- that one which is to be placed upon the set block. so that the rod will he partly in each block.

In the mbdilication illustrated in 5 and 6 the interlocking lugs and ca ties are formed or arranged in such manner. that one half or portion iof each lug and its .associated cavities on a block both in the two.- lug construction and in the three-141a. con: struction. will be situated on one block, and

the remaining half pr portion to complete;

theclug and its associated cavities. will: be

contained on a separate block; the blocksbeing formed and arranged to fit one upon, the other and to be placed in pains, w th v and pockets as above described are beveled."

'gtheir-ends int-lie salme'i rertical plane. This 'modific-ation is a pplicable gnore particularly teenage-0t; the larger sizesQWhiclnbyreals'on (Qt-their greater weight, are better able to resist di,Spl;,l cementt' Each interlocking z means-in this modification will therefore he composed-'o-fthehead.G on, the end of the- J and 'aJpoc'ket on the same side of the instead of the lug having a- .double A ilatfitloeking head, one above, and the other leans. theline, of. the neck and the top 65 bottom; ;1oolntsI feature-{in the p-resent invention oenslsts in a spacing block of novel oii const'nuoti'on to be: placed between "outer and-inner'col'irses cf the wall for :Eitnpose ofspacing the sides and faces farther apartfor a thicker wall. is spacin-ge bloek is provided with pro- I eet-ions having inclined-faces 15 corre- .sond iiing in shape and" dimensions to the I blocks, and also ts.--1 -6 to take the heads of the lugs 'kets in: the building :on dingblock-s between which the par 1g blocks are placed; -A spacing-block s-constnnct-i'on will-therefore join and post lugs l' {flng "-i-n the i same plane or need: end to end. 'Thes'eiblo cks are usually zzpizo dedQ-nthe-forjm of a half block D hav-f aifla-t ,face on one side, and on the op- 11th a centralcavity l6 also in the form gof a-l hal fblookfDf in which, the projecting l'head; issitnatedf-on one end'a'iidthe cavities are :in the'top and bottom faces of the El e form of -spacingblock I)? illustrated yinFig.His provided for use in the'hottom "courseofi the wall, and a half-block C is lusedto bring the lowermost blocks compos- ZiDfIj hC'l'HHGI face ofthe wall on one side on a. level with the foundation. A half-block 'o-f' this construction is indicated in dotted lines in- Fig; 3.

'11 A building block having on one face a projecting lug. comprisinp a head, a neck of smaller dimensions than the head connecting the head to the block and flanges. arranged; on opposite sides of the neck and extending above the neck to form :1 pocket between the. head and block.

projecting lug comprising a head of less width than the length of the block, a neck of lcssheig-ht than the height of the head connectingthe head to the block, and flanges oft-lie same height as the height of the head, ar-nangce on opposite sides of the neck.

3. A building block having" on one face a. projecting lit-g, comprising a head of less 'widththan thellengthof the block and of ogetlier the ends or heads of two op- I -pos-lteside a; rojecting head 14; at each end e V building: block having on one face ;'less height-t liahthe height of the block, a

ofile-SSheight than the height of the head and of the same width as the width ofthe head connecting the head to the block, mand flanges arranged on opposite-sides of the neck adapted to formpookets, above and below the vneck, said block,"head, neck and:

flanges bein formed inte a1. 4. A build gr mg block'having on one face a pr jecting lug comprising: a head having head and extending inwardly slo ing top and bottom faces, a neck connecting said headi-atthe base of said inwardly sloping faces with the block; and flanges arranged on opposite 'sides of tli'edii'g, said flanges lying ad acent the neck and said inwardly sloping portions ofthe portion, a lug projecting from one side thereof comprising a head having inwardly sloping top and bottom faces, a neck connecting said head at the base ofsaid sloping portions with-the bodyportion and flanges arranged on opposite sides of said head and neck and projecting above and below said neck and said sloping portions 'wherebypockets are formed on opposite sides of the lug, said" body portion; head, neck and flanges being formed integral. 7 7. A building block 'comprising'a body portion, a lug projecting from one side thereof, said liig-having its upper and lower surfaces respectively sloping upward {and downward from its point of connection'with.

the body portion and flanges arranged on opposite sides of said lug and extending up-' above and below said av ma bottom faces, and being provided" ward and downward beyond the sloping surfaces of said lug. V

8, A building block comprising a body portion, a lug projecting therefrom on-one side said.lug comprising a head of less 'width andheight than the width and height of the body portiom-a neck of less height than-the head connecting the head and body portion, said head being provided with. in-

clined portions extending outward from.-

said .neck, an flanges extending from the body portion to the end of the head, the

edges of "said flanges being inclined to the neckand head and lying partly above andbelow said neck and inclined portions.

-9. :A building block comprising a may portion, adug pro ecting therefrom on one side-comprising a head having its side fa e nclined lnwardly at the top and bottoni, a

neck of less dimensions than thehead conmeeting the headto the body portion, flanges arranged on opposite sides of said neck and pro ecting upwardly and downwardly therefrom to form pockets, the sidesof the pockets being inclined to correspond to the inv clination of the sides of the head.

10. In a building block, interlocking means comprisinga plurality of lugs each having a head, a neck of less dimensions joining the head to the block, flanges projecting upwardly and downwardly on opposite sidesof the neck adapted to form pockets above and below said neck corresponding in form anddimensions'to the head of the lug, whereby the lugs andpockets on, the opposite sides of several building blocks,

when placed in'position back to back, will reciprocally engage and interlock. g j FREDERICK V. SCHILLER. Witnesses:

.W. F; DREW,

S. F. BURBANK. 

